Discover the History of the ENIAC Computer

As technology progressed in the early and mid-1900s, the need for enhanced computational speed grew. In response to this deficit, the American military invested half a million dollars to create the ideal computing machine. Who Invented the ENIAC? On May 31, 1943, the military commission for the new computer began with  the partnership of John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert, with the former serving as the chief consultant and Eckert as the chief engineer. Eckert had been a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering when he and Mauchly met in 1943. It took the team about one year to design the ENIAC and then 18 months plus half a million dollars in tax money to build it. The machine wasnt officially turned on until November 1945, by which time the war was over. However, not all was lost, and the military still put ENIAC to work, performing calculations for the design of a hydrogen bomb, weather predictions, cosmic-ray studies, thermal ignition, random-number studies, and wind-tunnel design. The ENIAC In 1946, Mauchly and Eckert developed the Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (ENIAC). The American military sponsored this research because it needed a computer for calculating artillery-firing tables, the settings used for different weapons under varied conditions for target accuracy. As the branch of the military responsible for calculating the tables, the Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL) became interested after hearing about Mauchlys research at the Moore School. Mauchly had previously created several calculating machines and in 1942  began designing a better calculating machine based on the work of John Atanasoff, an inventor who  used vacuum tubes to speed up calculations. The patent for ENIAC was filed in 1947. An excerpt from that patent, (U.S.#3,120,606) filed on June 26, read, With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods. What Eas Inside the ENIAC? The ENIAC was an intricate and elaborate piece of technology for the time. Housed within 40 9-foot-tall cabinets, the machine contained 17,468 vacuum tubes  along with 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 1,500 relays, 6,000 manual switches, and 5 million soldered joints. Its dimensions covered 1,800 square feet (167 square meters) of floor space and weighed 30 tons, and running it consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power. Two 20-horsepower blowers delivered cool air to keep the machine from overheating. The vast extent of energy being used led to a rumor that turning on the machine would cause the city of Philadelphia to experience brownouts. However, the story, which was first reported incorrectly by the Philadelphia Bulletin in 1946, has since been discounted as an urban myth. In just one second, the ENIAC (1,000 times faster than any other calculating machine to date) could perform 5,000 additions, 357 multiplications, or 38 divisions. The use of vacuum tubes instead of switches and relays resulted in the increase in speed, but it was not a quick machine to reprogram. Programming changes would take the technicians weeks, and the machine always required long hours of maintenance. As a side note, research on the ENIAC led to many improvements in the vacuum tube. Contributions of Dr. John Von Neumann In 1948, Dr. John Von Neumann made several modifications to the ENIAC. The ENIAC had performed arithmetic and transfer operations concurrently, which caused programming difficulties. Von Neumann suggested that using switches to control code selection would make it so that pluggable cable connections could remain fixed. He added a converter code to enable serial operation. Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation Eckert and Mauchlys work extended beyond just ENIAC. In 1946, Eckert and Mauchly started the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. In 1949, their company launched the BINAC (BINary Automatic Computer) that used magnetic tape to store data. In 1950, the Remington Rand Corporation bought the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and changed the name to the Univac Division of Remington Rand. Their research resulted in the UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer), an essential forerunner to todays computers. In 1955, Remington Rand merged with the Sperry Corporation and formed Sperry-Rand. Eckert remained with the company as an executive and continued with the company when it later merged with the Burroughs Corporation to become Unisys. Eckert and Mauchly both received the IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award in 1980. The End of the ENIAC Despite its significant advances in computation in the 1940s, ENIACs tenure was short. On October 2, 1955, at 11:45 p.m.,  the power was finally shut off, and the ENIAC was retired. In 1996, precisely 50 years after ENIAC was publicly acknowledged by the government, the massive computer received its place in history. According to the Smithsonian, ENIAC was the center of attention in the city of Philadelphia as they celebrated being the birthplace of computation. ENIAC was ultimately dismantled, with sections of the massive machine on display at both Penn and the Smithsonian.

George Chauncey, Why Marriage - 1245 Words

George Chauncey, Why Marriage?: The History Shaping Today s Debate over Gay Equality, 2004 Nisha Chittal, Judges Chip Away at Florida Gay Marriage Ban, msnbc.com, July 26, 2014 Jeffrey M. Jones, Same-Sex Marriage Support Solidifies Above 50% in U.S., Gallup.com, May 13, 2013 Stonewall Rebellion, www.nytimes.com, Apr. 10, 2009 Goldberg, Carey (February 10, 2000). Vermont Panel Shies From Gay Marriage. New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2013. https://www.isidewith.com/poll/965633 On June 26,2015, the Supreme Court sided that gay marriage is a right protected by the U.S. Constitution in all 50 states. Previously, to their decision, same sex marriage was already legal in 37 states and†¦show more content†¦The case was later sent to lower court. Voters approved a constitutional amendment to ban same sex marriage. Hawaii gain national attention, over 40 states over the next 10 years will pass the Defense Of Marriage Act (DOMAs). That defines marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman. On September 21, 1996. President Bill Clinton, signed Federal Defense Of Marriage Act into a law. Which define marriage at a federal level between one man and one woman. This meant there would be no recognition in same sex nor federal protection and benefits given to married heterosexual couples. Vermont was the first state to introduce same sex marriage by enacting a statue without being required to do so by a court decision. December 20, 1999, Vermont court ruled in baker v. Vermont that Vermont constitution entitles same sex couples to the same benefits and protections afforded by Vermont law to married opposite sex couples. Between 2005 and Sep. 15, 2010, 14 more states followed suit, bringing the total number of states with constitutional bans on gay marriage to 30. On July 19, 2011, the Obama administration announced that it will be supporting a bill to repeal the Defense Of Marriage Act. 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The French Revolution free essay sample

Due to these causes, each revolution had a unique outcome. Prior to these revolutions there were social ideals and issues. Before the American Revolution, different thoughts and interests were developing and causing distance between Britain and the thirteen colonies (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, American Revolution). Along with growing identities, the colonists were used to a great degree of independence. Unlike the American colonists, the people of France were divided into three social classes, or estates. This social system was called the Old Regime.The first estate was made up of clergy of the Catholic Church and the second estate was formed by the wealthy nobles who held high positions in the government. The third estate, however, was the lower class, who had no power to influence the government and resented the upper classes (Beck 652). Social inequality became an important factor leading up the French Revolution. Nonetheless, both revolutions were encouraged by enlightenment ideas, such as life, liberty and property (Beck 641 , 652). We will write a custom essay sample on The French Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On both sides of the Atlantic, a Just government was sought after, in which an economic being was ensured. Economic factors also lead to the commencement of both revolutions. After the British government had passed acts, for example the Stamp Act and the Townsend Acts, which required tax stamps on many items and placed taxes on things like glass, paper, and tea. Since Britain was in deep debt after the French and Indian War, it placed acts like such (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, American Revolution). Colonists argued that such taxes violated the colonists natural rights and argued that it was taxation without representation. Since colonists had no representation in parliament, they argued that they could not be taxed.Like the American colonists, the lower class in France was heavily taxed. As a result of King Louis XVI extravagant spending and helping the American colonists in the American Revolution, France was deep in debt (Beck 653). The people who were in the third estate paid about half their income to nobles, the church, and as taxes to the king. This created resentment towards the upper classes and the government (Beck 652). Economical causes of both revolutions also lead into political issues. In 1773 colonists protested against an import tax on tea and dumped a large load of British EAI into the Boston Harbor and was called the Boston Tea Party.King George Ill then closed the Boston port. Colonists formed the Fist Continental Congress in Philadelphia, on 1774, to protest the treatment of Boston. A similar even happened in France prior to the revolution, the National Assembly. Delegates of the third estate, after voting to establish the national assembly, proclaimed the end of absolute monarchy and begin a representative government. Then the Third Estate Delegates pledged to stay in an indoor court until they had drawn up a new constitution, this came known as the Tennis Court Oath.In response to these events, Louis called upon his stationary army. People suggested that he would use military force against the National Assembly. People began to gather their own weapons and created a mob which attacked the Pastille (Beck 654). This act became a major symbol of the beginning of the French Revolution. After the end of each revolution, each had their social outcomes. Once the American Revolution was over, as it was stated in the Declaration of Independence, men were all equal and had rights. However, this did not mean equality for slaves or omen in the colonies.Slaves were still treated as such and women were not given any rights. After the revolutions, in both countries, a mans natural rights were life, liberty, and property. This was claimed in Frances Declaration of Rights of Men. There, social classes were also abolished and that was the end to the Old Regime. However, these were not the only outcomes of the revolutions. Although freedoms were gained in these countries, political concerns aroused. A constitution was ratified in 1781 and it was known as the Articles of Confederation which established the United States as a republic.The Articles, however, created a weak national government that contained Just one body of government, the Congress. This did not last long and a new system of government was created with separate branches, legislative, executive, and Judicial (Beck 644). Also a system of checks and balances that allowed each branch to check the actions of the other two. A federal system was set up to divide the power between national and state governments. The leaders in the new country were those prominent either in the council halls or on the ailed of the Revolution. In France the bourgeois, people of the middle class, emerged as a dominant power. The Directory and a bicameral legislature was set up by the Convention, but the Directory lost control of the political situation in France. In 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte returned from an expedition in Egypt and with the support of the army and many government members, he overthrew the Directory and seized power. Social order and contractual relations were strengthened by the Code of Napoleon, which was a comprehensive system of law (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, French Revolution). The French Revolution free essay sample The French Revolution Kenneth Milton History104 World Civilization 11 Professor Carl Garrigus May 20, 2013 The French Revolution The French Revolution was the greatest event of the modern period. It influenced the whole human society. The whole world received the message of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. It began in the year 1789 and lasted approximately a decade, until the year 1799. The causes of the French Revolution were poverty, the enlightenment, deficit Government spending, and a clash between the established Aristocracy and a rising Bourgeoisie. There were a number of intermediate causes of the French evolution. The most important cause was the continually worsening economic disorder. Financial problems in France had had been worsening for a long time before the revolution. Financial difficulties grew under LouisXIV and LouisXV as they embarked upon ambitious wars and extravagant spending. The Seven Years War crippled France as she lost her colonies to Britain and was economically drained. France had always had a problem with finances, and a monarch was yet to stand up to the upper estates and enforce taxation. We will write a custom essay sample on The French Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead, like every other monarch, LouisXVI carried on the constant loan cycle. â€Å"For some, the French Revolution was a beacon of light that gave a world dominated by Aristocratic privilege and monarchical tyranny a hope of freedom,† (Rosenzweig, 2001). One of the main principles of the Enlightenment, which all of the Philosophers began with and which sums up the whole political philosophy of the eighteenth century was, that it was necessary to substitute simple and elementary rules based on reason and natural law for the complicated and traditional customs which regulated society in their time. France was the classic example of a society rife with, absurd and ridiculous privileges favoring a minority. Hence, the Philosophers were driven towards the notions of natural equality. â€Å"18th century philosophy taught the Frenchman to find his condition wretched, unjust, and illogical and made him disinclined to the patient resignation to his troubles that had long characterized his ancestors†¦. The propaganda of the Philosophies perhaps more than any other factor accounted for the fulfillment of the preliminary condition of the French Revolution, namely discontent with the existing state of things,†(Peyre,1949). The French philosophers therefore sought to rebuild society based on the principles they stood for: Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. Thus the Enlightened were reacting against the worsening social and political situation in France. The Enlightenment brought many changes in the way people viewed Religion and Government. These new ideas and viewpoints were reflected in the French Revolution. Although the revolution did not deliver on all of its promises and ideals, it introduced ideas and forced changes that shaped modern history and politics. The revolution abolished the monarchy and created the French Republic. It launched a string of reforms that gradually stripped the ruling aristocracy of its power, privileges, and property. The French Revolution also introduced several fundamental democratic traditions and tools. There were several social impacts brought on by the French Revolution. Serfdom was abolished across Europe, federal barriers to trade were removed, and the peasants received land. Other social impacts include, Germany unites and reforms its way to a modern capitalist state, the Napoleonic political, social, and cultural impacts code was implemented across Europe, and feudalism was dismantled by Napoleons Graude Army across Europe. France made numerous achievements in the field of art, science, and literature, due to the French Revolution. Numerous schools, colleges, universities, and academies were opened in the country. There was special attention paid to art, literature, science, mathematics, technology, and physical training in the field of education. Technology had a very large impact on the French Revolution. The guillotine, which was used to make the death penalty less painful, was invented during the French Revolution. Other major inventions of that era was the invention of saltpeter, used in gunpowder, balloons using heated air, enabled French armies to get better reconnaissance, development of the telegraph, steam engines, and railroads. Napoleon Bonaparte used these inventions to make speedy and massive invasions. These inventions made it easier for Napoleon’s Empire to maintain control of lands they had conquered. In conclusion, the French Revolution was an important milestone of our modern civilization. It marked the beginning of massive changes that would affect world history. The lasting effects of the French Revolution were felt worldwide. The people’s social rights had been respected, the life of urban and rural workers improved significantly. The Bourgeoisie led the process to ensure their social matters. The French Revolution was caused by Enlightenment ideas, inequality, starvation, poor leadership, overspending, and was highlighted by chaos and the desire for guaranteed rights. Even though there were other revolutions, few were as massive and complex as the French Revolution, which empowered citizens everywhere and resulted in a considerable leap toward the end of oppression throughout Europe. References Peyre, Henri, the Influence of Eighteenth Century Ideas on the French Revolution, Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 10, no 1, January, 1949. Rosenzweig, Roy, George Mason University and City University of New York, 2001, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution, Retrieved from http://chnm. gmu. edu/revolution/ repository of 600 primary source documents relating to the French Revolution.

Visions Of W.W.I. Essays - Hairdressing, Hairstyle, Suit, Trousers

Visions Of W.W.I. Visions of WWI 1. Compare and contrast the fashions of the W.W.I. with the fashions of W.W.II a. What does hairstyle, length and width of skirts, jewelry, bathing suits, make-up, cigarette smoking, etc. indicate about W.W.I. and W.W.II: During W.W.I the Austrian wore the pike gray 1909 pattern tunic and trousers. They have three white stars on the collar which indicate Sergeants rank. Some have leather gaiters worn by mountain troops; others wore the ordinary trousers with the integral gaiter which fastened around the ankle with two buttons. Men and women wore tunics made of khaki serge flannel or cord. Most men, and some women, also wore leather cartridge pouches and a slouched hat. Women were seen wearing long, more fuller skirts. Blouses usually had a high neck line and the sleeves were full length. Women also wore their hair longer but usually pulled it back into a bun or pony tail. Fashions were very conservative. (p. 36-47, A Photo history of World War I). On the Eastern Front, German infantry wore white coats with fur on the inside. They did this for warmth and camouflage. They wore the field gray cap with black/white and red at the top, and state blockade on the band. The band was red for infantry, black for rifles and artillery, and brown for machine gun battalions. The German Army uniform began to change in 1915. They went from buttoned cuffs to a simple turned back cuff. (p. 36-47, A Photo history of World War I). During W.W.I. tobacco was not frequently used, but drinking tea and whisky was used more for entertainment and relaxation. (p. 125, Over There). During W.W.II. materials were scarce. Skirt hems were much shorter and skirts were more form fitting. The clothes could not have any cuff, ruffles or flap pockets. Pants could be no more than 19 inches wide. There were also shortages of fabric such as silk, rayon and nylon. American women were starting to become fashionable by wearing military hats, men's pants, and patches. Women also stopped wearing large jewelry such as bangles and beads. Short haircuts were considered much safer at work and less trouble. The short hairstyles became popular during the war. Men's suits were rationed and each man was only allowed one suit per year. Men were allowed to only have four cigarettes per day. (p. 150-162, Time Life). The styles during W.W.I were not as conservative as the styles during W.W.II. The styles during W.W.II. indicate a shortage of products which mandated the fashion industry during that era for both men and women. (p 36-47, A Photo history of World War I), (p. 150-162, Time Life). b. How do the fashions of these two periods in history show how our attitudes have changed: The changing of the fashions from W.W.I. to W.W.II. show that men and women were becoming more in tune with fashion. Styles were not as conservative as they used to be. Women were accepting the shorter hairstyles and more form fitting clothes. Women were participating in the war. Men were learning how to clean, and cook meals in the kitchen. Men and women were taking on roles that the other sex would normally do. c. How do the fashions of these two periods reflect war America: The fashions of these two periods reflect war in America by the type of materials that were being used, the availability of the supplies, and how conservative attitudes changed over time. The soft hats, high boots, war metals seen pinned to their jackets, longer coats, long full dresses worn by women reflect the W.W.I war in America. The hard hats, slender fitting clothes, stripes on the collar or sleeve, flashy or low cut costumes worn at parties for entertainment reflect W.W.II. war in America. We can see throughout time, from the changing of styles between W.W.I, and W.W.II that people became more casual. People of W.W.II looked for more ways to have fun, while people from W.W.I were more serious. 4. Life in America during W.W.I and W.W.II a. W.W.I - It was the best of times During the best times in W.W.I. large groups of military men would visit cathedrals and write endless and appreciative accounts of what they had seen or done during

Change Anticipate Change Essay

Change Anticipate Change Essay Change: Anticipate Change Essay Change Paper August, 2013 Introduction Change is normal. That’s how we grow and evolve as humans. As stated by Dr. Spencer Johnson, â€Å"if you do not change, you can become extinct†(Johnson, 2002). Change is difficult for most people. They like what they have grown accustomed to and prefer to stay in their â€Å"comfort zone† They detest being stretched beyond the limit of their comfort zone. Some are pushed outside their comfort zone by other people or circumstances, while others intentionally push themselves outside of their own comfort zone to enable them grow and develop personally. When people refuse to plan and prepare for change, the become stuck in the event of unforeseen circumstances or situation, they can be likened to one of the four characters in â€Å"Who Moved My Cheese† the mice, Sniff and Scurry, ‘sniff out change and Scurry to move with it’ or Hem and Haw, the two little people in the story, who found their ‘Cheese’ and when it is lost , they become lost, until they made up their mind to change. Change in Professional environments In today’s fast-paced and highly competitive environment, it is very crucial for organization to be flexible to change in order to grow and remain profitable. Employees are often faced with the tedious task of navigating through this change. This process can be very distressing and frustrating to the employees. It is always advisable to recognize the different stages of change and anticipate its impact in order to take preventative measures. California budget crisis, for instance, has induced budget cut in all the sectors and counties. Notable among these sectors are the school district. Two years prior to this, the Los Angeles County of Education (LACOE), has announced that budget cut will force the district to close down some classes and lay off classroom teachers. Teachers who have been in the job for several years started to live in denial, thinking that they would not be affe cted. Others are gripped by fear that they will not be able to get another job if they lose their job. However, some of them acknowledged the impending change and started preparing for the change. I know of one of the teachers, who has been with school district for many years, and is enrolled in a weekend program at California to study Speech Therapy in order to enhance her marketability in the event of lay off. This teacher can be likened to Sniff and Scurry, the mice who ‘sniffs’ out change, and realize that the looming change is inevitable and started making plan. She did not dwell on the fact that she has been in the teaching for several years and become too comfortable and refusing to see the inescapable change, just like Hew and Haw. Rather, she accepted the change and focuses her efforts in absorbing it and moving forward. How to handle change Change is inevitable and continuous and as a student I learned that the best approach to handle change lies significantly in having a positive attitude about every experience. Nursing is a new profession to me, due to my previous background in business administration, I found nursing challenging, yet interesting. It became obvious that every new encounter has its pitfalls, but the fact lies on my being able to persevere and identify good sides of every experience. How I perceived changes have changed for the better due my realization that changes open a world of possibilities, stimulates opportunity of learning new things and provides an enabling environment for personal growth. Change in the health care environment Prior to the introduction of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), paper charting was used in collecting and sharing patient information among the care team members. The initial introduction of EMRs was met with fierce resistance. They start questioning the reliability of EMRs in collecting, storing, and sharing patients`

11th Grade High School Chemistry Topics

11th Grade High School Chemistry Topics High school chemistry most commonly is offered during the 11th grade as Chemistry 11. This is a list of Chemistry 11 or 11th Grade High School Chemistry topics. A collection of high school chemistry notes may be found here. Atomic and Molecular Structure Structure of the atomElement atomic number and atomic mass Element location on the Periodic Table Groups of elements in the Periodic Table Trends in the Periodic Table: ionization energy, electronegativity, relative sizes of ions and atomsUsing the Periodic Table to determine the number of valence electrons available for bondingPosition of an element in the periodic table relating to its chemical reactivityThomsons discovery of the electronRutherfords nuclear atomMillikans oil drop experimentEinsteins explanation of the photoelectric effectQuantum theory of atomic structureBohr model of the atomSpectral linesPlancks relationship Chemical Bonds Ionic and covalent bondsChemical bonds between atoms in moleculesElectrostatic attraction in salt crystals Intermolecular forces in a solid and liquidLewis electron dot structures Shape of simple molecules and their polarity Electronegativity and ionization energy - bond formationSolids and liquids held together by Van der Waals forces Stoichiometry Writing balanced equationsDefinition of the mole Molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses (atomic weight)Converting the mass of a molecular substance to moles Number of particles or volume of gas at standard temperature and pressureMasses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction Percent yield in a chemical reactionOxidation and reduction reactionsBalancing oxidation-reduction reactions Acids and Bases Properties of acids, bases and salt solutionsAcids and bases Strong acids and strong bases Weak acids and basespH scalepH testsArrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acid-base definitionsCalculating pH from the hydrogen ion concentrationpH in acid-base reactions Gases Random motion of molecules and their collisions with a surfaceRandom motion of molecules and diffusion of gasesApplying the gas laws to relations between the pressure, temperature, and volumeStandard temperature and pressure (STP)Convert between Celsius and Kelvin temperature scalesKinetic theory of gases Problems using the ideal gas law in the form PVnRTDaltons Law of Partial Pressures Grahams Law to describe diffusion of gases Chemical Solutions Definitions of solute and solvent Dissolving process as a result of random molecular motionTemperature, pressure, and surface area - their affect the dissolving process Concentration of a solute in terms of grams per liter, molarity, parts per million and percent compositionRelationship between the molality of solute in a solution, and the solutions freezing point depression or boiling point elevation ChromatographyDistillation Rates of Chemical Reactions Rate of reaction and factors that affect itRole a catalyst in reaction ratesDefinition and role of activation energy in a chemical reaction Chemical Equilibrium Le Chateliers PrincipleForward and reverse reaction rates and equilibriumEquilibrium constant expression for a reaction Thermodynamics and Physical Chemistry Temperature and heat flow related to the motion of particlesEndothermic and exothermic chemical processesEndergonic and exergonic chemical processesProblems involving heat flow and temperature changesHesss Law to calculate enthalpy change in a reactionGibbs free energy equation to determine whether a reaction would be spontaneous Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Formation of large molecules and polymersBonding characteristics of carbonAmino acids as building blocks of proteinsNaming simple hydrocarbonsFunctional groupsR-group structure of amino acidsPrimary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry Protons and neutronsNuclear forcesElectromagnetic repulsion between the protonsNuclear fusionNuclear fissionRadioactive isotopesAlpha, beta, and gamma decayAlpha, beta, and gamma radiationCalculating half-life and amount of radioactive material remainingNuclear substructure

Juvenile Justice System of the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juvenile Justice System of the Future - Essay Example It will also talk about the challenges faced by juvenile delinquents at present time and how to improve the current juvenile justice system. A concrete plan or proposal on how to improve the current justice system is given by including the objectives, goals and how to measure the success rate. Keywords: juvenile delinquency, youth offender, crime rate, criminal justice system, trial court JUVENILE DELINQUENCY The number of juvenile delinquents or otherwise known as children in conflict with the law has significantly increased for the past decade. It has become one of the alarming problems that requires immediate attention by countries all over the world. The current situation of the justice system needs major overhaul as many children who are behind bars are not given proper care and guidance by the government to ensure that youth offenders emerge as better citizens after serving imprisonment. The primary purpose of serving sentence is for retribution for the wrong doing that they ha ve committed against the law and social order. However, the justice system should oversee that public safety will not be compromised because they are dealing with children. Towards the end of their ordeal, government support must at hand to guarantee that the youth offenders are rehabilitated and turn-out to be disciplined and responsible individuals after going through the process of trial and serving. It has been said that the nation’s hope lies on children so we must treat them with utmost compassion. Challenges of Juvenile Delinquency at Present Time â€Å"At present time, the juvenile justice system conducts the trials of the youth offenders in adult courts. In effect, they are also penalized in the same degree of judgment that is expected of adults† (Corriero, 2006 p.3). In a Supreme Court decision entitled Roper Vs. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005), Justice Anthony Kennedy held that executing juveniles and imposing capital punishment for crimes committed while under 18 years of age is unconstitutional. According to him, â€Å"From a moral standpoint, it would be misguided to equate the failings of a minor child with those of an adult, for a greater possibility exists that a minor’s character deficiencies will be reformed.†( Corriero, 2006, p. 3). It is at this tender age that the youth offender still cannot exercise his discretion to decide what is right from wrong. The level of responsibility that they possess to justify their actions is nil and they cannot fully comprehend the effect of their actions. Children as seen have the tendencies to reform and change for the better compared to adults. If they will be exposed to trial, pre-trial detention and imprisonment, more likely than not, they will experience abuses, cruelty and violence, which will leave them defenseless and unprotected. How to Improve the Juvenile Justice System Judge Michael Corriero stated that: â€Å"At the turn of the 20th Century, our juvenile justice proce ss reflected a concept of childhood based on the notion that children are innocent, vulnerable, dependent and incapable of making matured decisions. As we enter the 21st Century, after decades of disillusionment with the juvenile court process, the ideas and beliefs that had inspired the progressive and humane treatment of children, especially disadvantaged children, have been largely abandoned in terms of fixing criminal responsibility. America and its children deserve a justice system that not only holds children accountable for their

Marketing Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Research Report - Essay Example ustomer is influenced by large portions of meals, being served by competent employees, the quality of food served, atmosphere in the hotel, the prices of the foods and drinks and the level of satisfaction. According to Wooldridge, J. (2006), customers are in need of varying needs for their money. To him, a customer is motivated to visit a business venture for services and goods by the prices in offer. Prices determine the buying willingness of a customer. For any organization to be able make tangible sales, one of the factors to consider while designing a product or a service is the price. Many people are willing to pay at medium price other lower or higher prices. Although according to him further, higher priced products and services are thought to be of high quality although not always. To Richmond, H (2008), the level of customer satisfaction determines whether he/she will be willing to come again. A customer is always pulled to seek for services in a restaurant or any business venture if satisfied by the services/products offered. If not satisfied, coming again is a problem. To him, each and every business venture always struggles to satisfy their customers since it is from them that, profits accrue. To retain customers and to get new ones depends on the ways they are treated. This ranges from the services they are offered, their quality price among many other considerations. However, according to Mailu, S (2004), the level of employee competence says a lot in terms of the work ethics. Generally, a competent employee is likely to be aware of all the ethics involved in the job. To him, customer highly value goods and services offered by competent employees as they confidence in them. To him further, employees are the ladder through which an organization can prosper. Quality of the service offered on the other hand has a lot to say. Gary, R (2007) argues that, the quality of a produce is the key to successful entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur should always

The Internet And Its Effects On College Students Essay Example for Free

The Internet And Its Effects On College Students Essay The internet is one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century and can be a very useful and productive tool. On the other hand the internet is also designed with entertainment in mind and can be a tremendous waster of time. College Students as a group have greater access to high speed internet connections than any other group. Therefore the use or misuse of the internet can be a very important issue in the education of a college student. Never before has a person had access to as much information as you have with the internet. A person has the ability to research without going to the library, as almost every library has a website which you can use to research. In addition to the websites of libraries search engines make it easy to find web pages on whatever topic you need information on. Many news organizations also have websites which you can use to view current events and current issues of the newspapers and also archived issues of the newspaper. The internet has also become and important and vital part of education. Three of the four classes that I am taking this quarter use the internet as an integral part of the course. In my physics class all the homework is done on an internet system called webassign. You submit the homework on the internet and it gives you your grade immediately and also tells you all the problems you got wrong and all the problems you got right. Another course that makes use of the internet is my computer science class. You use the internet to do the labs for the class and can also get notes for the class on the computer science site. My calculus teacher also uses the internet and has a website that she uses extensively during class. She posts the answers to the homework questions on her website and during class she uses the projector hooked up to her computer to view the website. She also posts grades on the site and you can download practice tests and quizzes. Also at the beginning of all my classes this quarter the teacher gave out his or her e-mail address. As with all things in life there is also a downside to the internet. College students in particular can be affected by the negative aspects of the  internet. Some students can become addicted to the internet and to internet based applications like instant messaging and chat rooms. This can become a problem when the time a student spends online starts to interfere with his or her schoolwork and grades. I know from personal experience how time consuming the internet can be. I regularly spend a few hours a day viewing web pages or using internet based applications on my computer. Another aspect of the internet that can be a tremendous waster of time is computer games that use the internet. I know that this is an issue for many people here at R.I.T. My R.A. told all the people on my floor of stories about people who actually flunked out in their first year because they neglected their work to play computer games. Never before have college students had such a powerful tool to aid them in research and in their overall education. The internet is also a breakthrough in communication and entertainment and can be used in a way that hinders your education. In conclusion the positive aspects of the internet in my opinion far outweigh the negatives.

Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller :: essays research papers

Dangerous Ground of Illusion Relations between fathers and the younger generation have been and continue to be an important theme for various literary genres (King Lear, Shakespeare; Fathers and Sons, Turgenev). For many famous writers the significance of fathers’ influence on their children forms a subject of particular interest. . In the play, Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller shows in a very striking manner that the father's influence can be either positive or fatal. The dispiriting story of the three generations of the Lomans family contrasts with the happy account of the life of their neighbors, Charley and his son Bernard. The author details father-and-son relations in the Lomans family over a long period of time. He effortlessly demonstrates that a younger generation both inherits the father's way of life and assimilates his best or worst features. He tells us almost nothing about Willy Loman’s, the main character's, father. All we know is that he played a flute. Also he was a handy man, because he invented a gadget to make flutes. He was making and selling flutes, traveling across the country in a wagon. He took his family with him wherever he went. When Willy was about four years old, his father went to Alaska seeking to earn a fortune and disappeared amidst Alaska's expanses. Though the period when his sons Ben and Willy were with him was short, it left an indelible impression on the boys’ memory. Later, each of them inherited a part of this way of life: the older son Ben got a passion for adventure and travel, and the younger son Willy got a profession of salesmen and an interest to work with wood. Though the father's influence was quite indirect; he mostly figured in their afterglow and rather idealistic fancies, both of them became decent and hard-working people. At the age of seventeen, Ben left his home for Alaska, but soon found himself in Africa and at twenty-one he was already rich. He spent the rest of his life in Africa where he died. He was a wealthy, influential and successful man and fathered seven children. He preferred to be brutal but effective, as befits the jungles of life. On one of his brief visits to Willy's home he admonished Biff, his nephew: "Never fight fair with a stranger, boy. You'll never get out of the jungle that way." Unlike his elder brother, Willy did not have enough strength to be aggressive and to take advantage of the opportunities offered by life.

Questions Kooistra Autogroep Essay

2. Evaluate the budgeting, performance measurement, and incentive systems used at Kooistra Autogroep. What changes would you recommend, if any? Budgeting system: The CEO introduced a formal annual budgeting process. The main target of this budgeting system was to determine the net profit targets for the year. The net profit target is the company’s revenue minus the controllable expenses. These targets were for the company’s departments and should help with decentralization of the company. The budgeting process was ment to be bottom-up. This means that the managers of the departments could prepare the budgets and the CEO and CFO then reviewed these budgets. Most managers are unexperienced with budgeting and the review of the CFO and CEO would lead to a discussion so that the managers would get more and more confident with budgeting. This would help the decentralization. The car industry is an industry, which is really dependable on the economic conditions. So the budget made at the beginning of the year is not always a feasible budget. Reviewing the budget a few times a year could change this. The CEO helps out sometimes when the budget target probably is not going to be made. But the managers cannot depend on this. Performance measurement: The new performance measurement now includes not only financial information but also nonfinancial information. The performance measurement system is used to communicate the company’s objectives to the personnel. The objects that are measured in the performance are the most important objectives. The performance measurements provide the managers with the information to do their job properly and it provides feedback to the top management about the performance of the managers. The company uses ‘Balanced Scorecard’ on a weekly basis. The balanced scorecard provides key metrics for the manager’s list of targets and it provides an indication of the progress towards budget target. Besides the balanced scorecard the managers get also a monthly report, which is more detailed about the company’s operations. Recommendation: the balanced scorecard is used to measure the manager’s performance for different factors. These factors are financial and nonfinancial. But it is not very clear what the targets are. Every  dealership has to have a return of sales of 2% but there is not given any further financial of nonfinancial performance indicator. Incentive system: A major change for the Kooistra Autogroep was the expansion of the pay-for performance system. The pay-for performance system already existed in the company but only for a few sales people. But this is limited and not fully covered for all the sales people. Because of the already excising contract and rejecting the pay-for performance bonus system not every sales person is accounted with pay for performance. This could lead to disorder and unfair situation. Because when its not going well with the economy and so with the dealerships sales the sales people with the pay for performance are accounted for the less sales. But the sales people with the normal salary contract are not accounted for the fewer sales. Also in normal situations the sales people with the pay-for performance system will try to do their best because their salary depends on their performance. While for the sales people with the normal contracts its not as much depended on their performance. For the management team the pay-for performance does its work for every member. So it’s fairer. The managers could also receive a bonus reduction when some criteria were not met. But it’s said that this would be a very subjective decision and it was not really clear on what criteria it depends. This should be changed and made clear on what criteria or totally deleted. Note: It is said that no bonus will be paid for below or above target performance, which is strange. Because as a company u would want to have above target performance. Further more the pay for performance system is a relatively unknown system in Dutch companies and the personnel of the company are not really pleased with this system. So it would be point to think about for the company to introduce the system quietly. This could be done for example by starting with a tradional bonus system and next to that also a pay for performance system. So using both systems for a few years and then switch to only a pay-for performance system.

God and chases ambition blindly Essay

   And afterward, he runs away from society in the attempt to rid himself of the monster. This shaky groundwork sets up traumatic loss to come, as Frankenstein does not realise that his family will not be there for him in the end, when he is lonely and in need of their company. Although he is successful in creating life, one of Frankenstein’s greatest flaws in his attempt to create a being, is that he does not even nurture it as a parent would for his own child. Frankenstein decides that he doesn’t like the monster after he has finished it. He rejects the monster, and in turn the monster rejects him. In the end, the monster reflects upon his own state of affairs: â€Å"my heart was fashioned to be susceptible of love and sympathy; and, when wrenched by misery to vice and hatred, it did not endure the violence of the change without torture, such as you cannot even imagine. † The monster has been treated as subhuman, as a â€Å"thing† that does not deserve love or affection. Frankenstein declares, in agony over his creation, â€Å"Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. † Frankenstein feels that he has created something completely revolting, and he rejects his own creation. He wants nothing to do with the monster, let alone receive honours for his creation. And after all Frankenstein does to achieve his goal, the monster becomes a curse to Frankenstein and his family. Out of Frankenstein’s originally â€Å"glorious† creation comes gruesome and disastrous results: the monster becomes so rebellious due to the fact that Frankenstein and all of society shuns him, that the he kills nearly all of Frankenstein’s family one by one. â€Å"I have murdered the lovely and the helpless; I have strangled the innocent as they slept and grasped to death his throat who never injured me or any other living thing. I have devoted my creator, the select specimen of all that is worthy of love and admiration among men, to misery. † Earlier in the novel, we are introduced to Walton, a sailor on a boat destined for the arctic seas. Walton has something in common with Victor Frankenstein: ambition to achieve something that no man has ever accomplished before. Walton wants to sail to the arctic because no sailor has ever reached it. However, the difference between Frankenstein and Walton is that Frankenstein achieves his goal, with terrible consequences. But unlike Frankenstein, Walton decides to turn back before reaching his desired destination. At the end of the novel the ship abandons the initial driving ambition to be the first to sail to the arctic. Walton decides to go with them, because that is the will of the entire ship and he decides to choose community instead of isolating himself for his own personal conquest. Walton realises, from Frankenstein’s mistakes, that sometimes it is better to make choices based on the common good of all involved, instead of blindly chasing a dream that excludes other human beings and disregards thought to the ultimate welfare of society. Ultimately even Frankenstein, on his deathbed, realises the truth of the consequences of his actions. He says, â€Å"Seek happiness in tranquillity, and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries. † To be at peace with one’s own mortality is essential to living a full and rich human life. Frankenstein’s mistake was that he wanted to be the first man to achieve something which no man had ever done before his time; to rise above human achievement, to rob the sacred act of creation and bypass this natural gift given to humanity by using scientific means. These actions all caused others to suffer and to ultimately die for Frankenstein’s own prestige. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein shows that dabbling with the work of God or nature is immoral and ethically corrupt. Trying to play God is not the responsibility of mortals. This novel also shows that a person who chases notoriety purely for his or her own personal gain may find the consequences of their actions to be truly devastating. In her protagonist Shelley explored in detail many of the implications of involvement in research, thereby providing the details which have been subsumed in the complex mythology of the inhuman scientist – the psychological effects of isolation and suppression of human affections, loss of the ability to appreciate natural beauty, the naive optimism that knowledge will inevitably be for the good of all, the fanatical desire to complete a project whatever the human cost. Frankenstein, the over-reacher Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Relative Clauses - Definition and Examples in English

Relative Clauses s in English A relative clause is a  clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative adverb (where, when, why), or a zero relative. Also known as an adjective clause, an adjectival clause, and a  relative construction. A relative clause is a postmodifierthat is, it follows the noun or noun phrase it modifies. Relative clauses are traditionally divided into two types: restrictive and nonrestrictive. See Examples and Observations below. RelativizationContact ClauseDependent ClauseFree (Nominal) Relative ClauseRelative Pronouns and Adjective ClausesRestrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective ClausesSentence Building With Adjective ClausesSubordination With Adjective ClausesThat-ClauseWh-ClauseWho, Which, and ThatWho and WhomWh- Words Examples and Observations It is not the employer who pays the wages. Employers only handle the money. It is the customer who pays the wages.100% of the people who give 110% do not understand math.More than 840,000 Vietnamese asylum seekers left the Communist regime and arrived in the countries of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. These people, who came to be known as the boat people, risked their lives at sea in search for freedom.She had plenty of acquaintances, but no friends. Very few people whom she met were significant to her. They seemed part of a herd, undistinguished.Occasionally Mother, whom we seldom saw in the house, had us meet her at Louies. It was a long dark tavern at the end of the bridge near our school.The fatal metaphor of progress, which means leaving things behind us, has utterly obscured the real idea of growth, which means leaving things inside us.Peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. Positioning Relative ClausesUnlike prepositional phrases, restrictive relative clauses . . . always modify noun phrases. However, a relative clause doesnt always immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies. For example, if two relative clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, or but), then the second one doesnt immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies: This article describes features that facilitate collaboration but that are not intended to increase security. Anaphoric Elements in Relative ClausesRelative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. They contain within their structure an anaphoric element whose interpretation is determined by the antecedent. This anaphoric element may be overt or covert. In the overt case the relative clause is marked by the presence of one of the relative words who, whom, whose, which, etc., as or within the initial constituent: clauses of this type we call wh relatives. In non-wh relatives the anaphoric element is covert, a gap; this class is then subdivided into that relatives and bare relatives depending on the presence or absence of that. Sentence Relative ClausesSentence relative clauses refer back to the whole clause or sentence, not just to one noun. They always go at the end of the clause or sentence.Tina admires the Prime Minister, which surprises me. ( and this surprises me)He never admits his mistakes, which is extremely annoying. ( and this is extremely annoying) Sources Henry Ford Demtri  Martin,  This Is a Book. Grand Central, 2011 Tai Van Nguyen,  The Storm of Our Lives: A Vietnamese Familys Boat Journey to Freedom. McFarland, 2009 D.H. Lawrence,  The Rainbow, 1915 Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969 G.K. Chesterton, The Romance of Rhyme, 1920 Martin Luther King, Jr. John R. Kohl,  The Global English Style Guide: Writing Clear, Translatable Documentation for a Global Market. SAS Institute, 2008 Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum,  The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002 Geoffrey Leech, Benita Cruickshank, and Roz Ivanic,  An A-Z of English Grammar Usage, 2nd ed. Pearson, 2001

Roman Emperor Septimius Severus

Roman Emperor Septimius Severus Severus came to power by disposing of rivals with a better claim to power than his own. His immediate predecessor was Didius Julianus. Septimius Severus died peacefully, leaving, as joint successors, his sons Caracalla and  Geta. Dates April 11, A.D. 145-February 4, 211 Reign 193-211 Places of Birth and Death Leptis Magna; Eboracum Name Lucius Septimius Severus Augustus (Severus) Occupation Ruler (Roman Emperor Septimius Severus was born in Africa, at the Phoenician city of Leptis Magna (in Libya), to a presumed equestrian (wealthy) family with consuls in it, on April 11, 145, and died in Britain, on February 4, 211, after reigning for 18 years as Emperor of Rome. Family Parents:  P. Septimius Geta, (equestrian) and Fulvia Pia Wife:  Julia Domna Sons:  Bassianus (Caracalla) (b. 188); Geta (b. 189) Following the murder of Pertinax, Rome supported Didius Julianus as emperor, but as Severus entered Rome having been declared emperor by his troops in Pannonia on April 9, 193 [DIR], the supporters of Julianus defected, he was executed, and soon the soldiers in Italy and the senators supported Severus, instead; meanwhile, troops in the East proclaimed Syrias governor, Pescennius Niger, emperor, and the British legions, their governor, Clodius Albinus. Severus had to deal with his rival claimants. He defeated Pescennius Niger at the A.D. 194 Battle of Issus not to be confused with the battle in 333 B.C., in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persian Great King Darius. Severus then marched into Mesopotamia, where he set up a new legion and declared war on Roman emperor Clodius Albinus. Even with the legions of Britain, Gaul, Germany, and Spain, behind him, Albinus still lost to Severus in 197 near Lyon [see Lyon Museum], and committed suicide. The reputation of Septimius Severus changes with the times. Some consider him responsible for the Fall of Rome. According to [virtual-pc.com/orontes/severi/MoranSev193.html, 6/29/99] Jonathan C. Moran, Gibbon blamed Severus for the changes that led to turmoil and ultimate decay in Rome. The De Imperatoribus Romanis entry on Severus explains the charge: by giving greater pay and benefits to soldiers and annexing the troublesome lands of northern Mesopotamia into the Roman empire, Septimius Severus brought increasing financial and military burdens to Romes government. His reign was also considered bloody and according to the Catholic Encyclopedia, he may have been involved in the murder of his predecessor, Pertinax. The Catholic Encyclopedia also says he persecuted the Christians and forbade conversion to Judaism and to Christianity. On the other side, Septimius Severus restored stability to the Roman Empire. He improved performance and increased morale by making (expensive) changes in the military and praetorian guard. He restored Hadrians Wall and was involved in other construction projects. He also played the part of the traditional emperor: He reformed the grain supply for the city of Rome.... He put on games... for the people to keep them diverted and on his side. He freed his friends from debt and gave donatives to the soldiers and people. He also heard lawsuits.... Severus also began appointing his own men to the senate, one the emperors traditional prerogatives.- [www.virtual-pc.com/orontes/severi/MoranSev193.html#1, 6/29/99] Severus and Traditional Auctoritas Print SourceSeptimius Severus: The African Emperor, by Anthony Richard Birley Also, see Historia Augusta - The Life of Septimius Severus Septimius Severus and the Severan Emperors Septimius Severus and his successors were known as Severan Emperors Septimius SeverusCaracallaGetaEmperors Pertinax and Didius JulianusRoman Emperors Timeline 2nd CenturyRoman Emperors Timeline 3rd Century Ancient Sources on Septimius Severus HerodianHistoria AugustaDio Cassius

INTERNATIONAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

INTERNATIONAL LAW - Essay Example Article 51 of the UN Charter of 1945 recognizes that members of the UN have â€Å"inherent rights† to â€Å"individual and collective defence† during an armed attack but measures taken by member nations in the exercise of self-defence are required to be immediately reported to the UN Security Council. At the same time, Article 51 of the UN Charter clearly says that the measure taken by member states of the United Nations will not in any way affect the â€Å"authority and responsibility† of the UN Security Council provided for under the UN Charter to take action to maintain or restore international peace and security. Article 51 of the UN Charter, however, bestow authority to the UN Security Council to take action for maintaining or restoring international peace and security, as the UN Security Council deems necessary and at any time. Thus, while nations and collectives of nations have inherent right to self-defence, Article 24 of the UN Charter clearly assigns to the UN Security Council the â€Å"primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security†. In other words, while member nations may have the right to individual defense, it can be viably argued that under the UN Charter, the primary responsibility for â€Å"international peace and security† remains with the UN through the UN Security Council. It follows that the extent to which a nation can exercise action based on self-defence can be effectively constrained by the UN Security Council. Similarly, it can be credibly and viably be asserted that the preamble of the UN charter requires that all nations observe the rule that â€Å"armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest†. Under Article 39 of the UN Charter, however, other than the UN Security Council, the UN granted no other party the right to â€Å"determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide

EMR Conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EMR Conclusion - Essay Example At the pre-implementation stage, a plan of action was set with specific dates by which time specific goals must be achieved. To a very large extent, this was a good step in setting the scope of the system to know what the limits of it are and finding ways to making up for the limitations (Thompson and Thompson, 2008). The fact that a recap session was also developed at the post-implementation stage to ensure that end users and practice leadership discussed key aspects of the go-live system were also a step in the right direction. This is because Davis and Wallbridge (2008) stressed the need for there to be periodic and constant evaluation and monitoring of health information systems (HIS) in ensuring that they are functioning according to levels that have been set for them from the onset. As West Palm has fulfilled all of these processes and steps effectively, it can be concluded that the facility is not in a position to gain competitive advantage of the system, especially if it woul d continue to train its human resource to be on top of the use of the system to improve efficiency and

Protecting Privacy in Social Media Research Paper

Protecting Privacy in Social Media - Research Paper Example Users create profiles which they share with friends as a form of self expression. When registering as a user of a particular social media; the information mostly shared with other users and available to the public includes photos, age, gender, contacts and interests (Massey 3). Moreover, most people provide their biographic data such as their education, employment history and hometown. Although users have a right to determine who accesses their information on this social media; their information may got to unauthorized persons thereby infringing on the rights of the user. Security and privacy of one’s information is a major concern for many users of social media, where some networks allow personal information to be accessed by advertising groups or some malicious people who can use such information to the determent of the users. Privacy involves the right of an individual to control collection and utilization of personal data. Problems Associated with Social Media Usage The ma jor privacy problem of experienced by social media users is that their information is accessed by unauthorized persons. Additionally, there is usually a problem of having social media allowing other applications to access users’ information which is used for various purposes such as marketing. The other privacy issue is where some users sign up to the social media with intention of spying on someone and eventual doing something malicious to them or disturbing them. The other problem in social media is posting of indecent photographs and videos which should not be viewed by children although these networks do not have adequate measures to protect children from such materials. The other security and privacy issue arise when one’s status update may be used by criminals to in crime. According to (Jackson et al 212), security and privacy issues related to social media are generally behavioral issues rather than technology. The other problems associated with use of social me dia is that the applications that are used to lure users into the network also expose this sites prone to infection by malware which can lead to shutting down of organization network while keystroke loggers may access credentials. Other risks in social networking include sphere phishing, spoofing and social engineering. Solution Section To guarantee security and privacy the information of social users, it is important that when registering on the social media, one must read the privacy policy. This is because most social media have a functionality which allows users to define the people who can access their information or the people who can they can share information with. Although most social media offers security and privacy setting most users do not take set their security information (Jackson et al 214). Security setting in social media helps users to control the people who can access their information. Additionally, privacy settings help to ensure that a user’s informati on cannot be accessed when searched on the common search engines like Google (Notess 41). When registering as a new user, one needs to review the security policy of the social media since there are some social networks which share emails and other data with third parties. To protect the security and privacy of our information on the social networks, we must be cautious before clicking a link to access to a new page or when opening an online application although the

The movie Cromwell Essay Example for Free

The movie Cromwell Essay As the movie Cromwell so clearly indicates, the struggle between King Charles I and Parliament was an important one for the development of British government and government all over the world. The two sides came to a fork in a proverbial philosophical road and they could not overcome differences in those opinions. On one hand, King Charles I was looking to protect what he thought was a mandate from God to act how he wished as the King of England. The members of English Parliament were looking to protect not only their own interests, but the interests of the people of England in not allowing one person to gain absolute control of the country. King Charles operated primarily under the assumption that people would respect the manifesto of â€Å"Divine Right of Kings†. In his own mind, Charles was appointed to the throne by God and because of that, he had not only the right, but the mandate to do whatever he pleased. Along his line of thinking, King Charles had a responsibility to do God’s work while he occupied the top seat of the English monarchy. The King’s entire tenure in control was marred by the fact that he did whatever he wanted without first consulting the powers that existed in Parliament. He levied taxes against the people of the country without the approval of Parliament. That was outdone only by the fact that he married a Roman Catholic woman and took other actions which brought the vaunted Church of England dangerously close to their former roots of Catholicism. In doing this, he not only threatened the power of the men in Parliament, but he also threatened the sanctity of the nation, which so many parties had worked very hard to protect. Parliament helped to push the action to the point where a war was absolutely necessary. They were prominent members of English society that had to work very hard to get to where they were in the government. Though power was certainly not the only thing that concerned these men, it was definitely one of their primary concerns through the entire struggle. They did not want to give even an inch to the King; for fear that he might take that inch and run with it. That particular Parliament had seen what could happen when a King had complete control and they were not about to let it happen again without a fight. In addition, they wanted to protect the country’s economic system, which struggled for much of the reign of King Charles I. The power struggle between these two sides is one of the many historical events that has had a significant impact on how the American government works. When the forefathers of the United States took the time to frame the constitution, they took measures to create a balance of power. As a direct result of King Charles and the situation with Parliament, the American founding fathers were sure to put a system of checks and balances into the core of the country’s values. That was to make sure that no one party, be it the President, the courts, or Congress, could not have complete power and control over the country. The realized that when a leader tried to use religion to justify his actions, it made stopping such a mandate extremely difficult for both the commoners of the country and the people who also held control.

Distance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School

Distance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School Curriculum Distance learning does not replace the existing classroom; rather it has proven to be an effective and useful tool in expanding the elementary school curriculum. Distance learning is defined as the â€Å"education for students working at home, with little or no face-to-face with teachers and with material provided remotely, for example through email, television, or correspondence† (Encarta World English Dictionary, 2001). The concept of distance learning has been around for centuries, evolving from primarily correspondence courses, to the Internet and two-way audio and video connection that are used now to establish a connection between the teacher and the students. (Poole, 2000). Distance learning has been used to augment the curriculum for elementary schools, rather than replace the personalized classroom that is vital to student development. It is designed to expand and fill in the gaps of the traditional course offerings, while meeting the widely diverse needs of each individual student. Distance learning has been designed to enhance student education, while still keeping learning firmly centered within the school. (Ravaglia & Sommer, 2000). There have been many arguments, both for and against distance learning; all have been well supported. However, there is extensive support for the benefits of distance learning, and how it has expanded and enriched the elementary school curriculum. There have been many critics that strongly advocate against the use of distance learning in elementary schools. Many believe that this new teaching method may replace the existing classroom all together, and won’t give students the adequate face-to-face con... ... Poole, D.M. (2000). Student’s participation in a discussion-oriented online course: A case study. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33, (2), 162-177. Ravaglia, R. & Sommer R. (2000). Expanding the curriculum with distance learning. Principal, 79, (3), 10-13. Scheps, S.G. (1999). Homeschoolers in the library. School Library Journal, 45, (2), 39-40. Truell, A.D. (2001). Student’s attitudes towards and evaluation of internet-assisted instruction. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 43, (1), 40-49. Expanding the Curriculum with Distance Learning. (2001). Retrieved November 13, 2001, from http://iiswinprd03.petersons.com/distancelearning/default.asp TEAMS Distance Learning. (2001). Retrieved November 5, 2001, from teams.lacoe.edu. Distance Education. (2000). In Encarta World English Dictionary (Vol. 14, pp. 309). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

Introduction Paper Essay

I am 30 years old and have been taking college courses over the last 11 years. I have always attended on a part time basis and I have never taken any summer courses. During the 11 years I have taken about two years off, and have officially changed my major three times. I have a lot of work experience that lines up with my current Business Management Major. I enjoy learning about Human Resources and have always thought I would enjoy a position in the Human Resources department. Academic Background When I started this journey I wanted to be an accountant, after my first semester at Saint Paul College a I realized, I did NOT want to be an accountant! The classes were very hard and a lot of work, there was just way too much to learn. I had a passion for children and growing up I always wanted to be a teacher, so I switched into a major in Child Development (CD). I made it through about two semesters of CD courses and learned that this was not the right path for me either. The instructors repeatedly reminded the students that careers in the CD field are not about making money (because there is not a lot of money in this field) but rather about working with the children. I thought I DO want to make money and instead of working with kids I would just have some of my own later in life. I also realized that if I completed this program, in the end I would have an education but no work experience. At this point I had no idea what I was going to get a degree in. I looked at my resume and realized that I had experience in operations management, Import/Export, various management positions at fast food restaurants, and extensive customer service experience. I came to the conclusion that a degree in Business Management would benefit me most, as it will ensure I have the education to match the experience. In 2009 I graduated from Saint Paul College with an AA as well as an AS in Business Management and in 2010 I transferred to Metro State University to complete my BS. This Course & Past HR Courses I took an Introduction to Human Resource Management course in 2004 of which I received an A grade, but it did not satisfy this course as required for the completion of my BS in Business Management. Since I have already taken a similar course, I do hope I can obtain another good grade, and possibly learn something I may have overlooked previously. I look forward to hearing the perspectives and ideas on how to handle different situations from the other students. More about Me I have been with my boyfriend for almost 10 years; we have a one year old daughter and plan to try for another after this semester is over. We have three large dogs ranging in age from 6-15, and once had a bearded dragon. We live 45 miles north of the twin cities in Harris – a town of about 1000 people. I work full time at BAE Systems in Fridley as a government property administrator, with previous positions held in Accounts Payable, Travel Accounting, and payroll. Conclusion As you can see my path through college has been a confusing one, and has had its failures and successes. Now that I am on the right path, I hope to be a successful business person. With my customer service and payroll experience, I have always thought I would be a good fit for an HR representative. I am a new mom and eager to expand my family further! I commute to work and have held several positions within the company. I am just an average person working my way through life and trying to obtain an education to make the quality of my life even better.

How Does Steinbeck Portray The Harsh Lives Of The Workers Of the Great Depresion Essay

I hope this essay will show you how the workers of the American Great depression of 1937 struggled to survive in the harsh environment that was their work place. Many people from the cities of America had to give up their lives and start again in the country working on ranches shifting corn and grain getting paid very little. Workers of the Great Depression had few possessions. Many only had blanket rolls, wash kit, a small amount of tinned food and what little money they could earn. They had few possessions for two reasons; one, because they couldn’t afford many possessions and also because they found it easier because they are constantly on the move. This represents there harsh life because it illustrates that they have no were to call home. Many workers spent their money fast during the weekends by drinking, gambling or in the â€Å"Cat House†. In the novel men view the women as a thing you buy like drink so women didn’t have proper rights. Similarly Crooks the black cripple, has little or no rights. In Steinbeck’s book Curley’s wife is not given a real name she is simply referred to as â€Å"slut,† â€Å"whore,† or simply â€Å"Curley’s wife.† This can implies that she is a position of her husband it implies a harsh and limited existence and how badly the poor women of 1930’s America were treated in society. Prejudice plays a significant part in John Steinbeck’s novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and is seen with some characters like Crooks, Candy and Lennie. All have some kind of disability. Crooks is crippled because he was kick by a horse this is made worse by the fact that he’s black so he is racially abused as well. The boss â€Å"Gave the stable buck hell† when George and Lennie were late arriving at the ranch. He knew that Crooks couldn’t complain because he has no rights. This shows how he is blamed for anything and can’t defend him self this show the harsh life of his. Candy is crippled because he lost his hand to a machine, so he can do little work and he is old. This sets him apart form the others and they see him as the old outcast. Lennie is mentally handicapped, he has a child’s mind so he isn’t very clever and he likes soft things like mice and puppies. This gets him into trouble in the novel. Firstly he stroked a woman’s red dress, she got confused and screams he got scared and holds on to the dress and wont let go. This led him to being accused of raping her so Lennie and George had to run away. Secondly Curley’s wife lets him stroke her hair because it’s soft, after a while she tries to pull away but he holds on and he ends up breaking her neck. For this Lennie has to run away. He is also really strong and this contributes to him getting in trouble because he doesn’t know his own strength, he kills many mice because he pets them to hard and he kills a puppy as well as Curley’s wife. Many, if not all the characters in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† are lonely because they move from ranch to ranch making new friends and leaving old ones behind. Candy has an old dog that is his only companion. He has had him since he was a pup and is much attached to him. However some of the workers persuade him to shoot the old dog and by doing this he looses his only true friend. This contributes to the theme of harshness; I believe that many of the workers were jealous of candy and his dog and envy him so they force him to put it down. This is also the same as George because he kills his only true friend and companion by shooting. Curley’s wife is also lonely, being the only woman on the ranch and Curley forbids her from talking to the workers. She breaks this by talking to the workers in doorways which gives her the reputation of a â€Å"slut.† Many of the workers dream the American dream of having their own land. George and Lennie have a dream that they will own little plot of land with rabbits and fields and if it’s miserable weather they will light a fire and sit around it not working, â€Å"Guys like us†¦.. an’ listen to the rain coming’ down on the roof.† When Candy’s dog is shot he try’s to muscle in on their dream. Many of them have dreams so that they can be distracted from the harsh lives of reality. In conclusion, the title of this book tells the reader about the novel in a few words. The title of this book is taken from an Irish poem by Alfred Burns; â€Å"The best laid plans of mice and men always go wrong†. I believe that this is a good choice of title for the book because it shows how Steinbeck has used this to portray the harsh lives of the workers of the book and the dreams are what should happen in a fair world when it really all goes wrong.